Overview of Garlic
Scientific Name: Allium sativum
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Numerous papers have been published describing the health potential of aged garlic. Do not confuse garlic with the highly toxic plant, autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale). We also provide information on the nutritional value of garlic.
Strong:
insufficient informationGood:
- Atherosclerosis (ASVD) or “hardening of the arteries”, some evidence indicates that a garlic / Monascus purpureus blend is more effective [1-10]
- Heart Disease, may reduce blood pressure [11-27]
- Immune Health, a nasal spray containing garlic may also improve immune health [28-34]
Promising:
- Dental Health, may reduce the number of germs [35-37]
- Sickle Cell Anemia (Antioxidant Activity) [38-40]
- Type 2 Diabetes [41-44]
Conflicting (Unclear):
- Helicobactor pylori Infection, garlic oil may be more promising [45-51]
Limited Evidence:
- Antioxidant for Atherosclerotic Patients [52-53]
- Colon Cancer [54-55]
- Ear Inflammation in Children, a blend containing garlic / mullein / calendula / Saint John’s wort in olive oil [56-57]
- Gallstones [58]
- Hair Loss, a cream containing garlic [59]
- Hepatopulmonary Syndrome [60]
- Lead Poisoning [61]
- Lung Cancer [62]
- Prostate Cancer, garlic in combination with tomatoes may be more effective [63-64]
- Venous Ulcers, an ointment containing garlic / Saint John’s wort / calendula [65]
- Vaginal Yeast Infection, oral ingestion of a tablet containing garlic [66-67]
No Evidence:
- Gastric Cancer [68-69]
- Lowers Cholesterol [70-97]
- Numerous papers have studied the cholesterol lowering ability of garlic; however, garlic in combination with fish oil / Monascus purpureus / ginkgo or time-release garlic tablets may be more effective
No Clinical Research:
All other conditions.- Allergic Reactions
- Bad Breath
- Bloating
- Body Odor
- Constipation
- Difficulty Breathing
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Gastrointestinal Upset
- Headache
- Irritation of Mouth and Throat
- Muscle Pain
- Nausea
- Rashes
- Sweating
- Vomiting
- Avoid or contact a licensed healthcare practitioner, if you have digestive tract problems, pemphigus, allergies to plants in the order Asparagales (asparagus, onions, etc.), been taking anti-coagulation and anti-platelet drugs as garlic may increase the risk of bleeding and bruising.
- Ingestion of garlic may increase nosebleeds, cause anti-coagulation, increase the risk of bleeding after shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), cause hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).
- There has been a case of garlic causing obstruction of the small intestines, gastrointestinal pain, hematemesis, and hematochezia.
- Applying garlic onto the skin can cause burns, contact dermatitis, and may cause a photo contact allergic reaction.
- Excessive garlic use may decrease red blood cell hemoglobin production.
- Avoid garlic use at least 2 weeks before surgery.
- Garlic can cause burns if applied within the mouth.
- Inhalation of garlic powder may cause asthma.
- Some people are allergic to garlic.
Garlic appears to be safe for consumption in food amounts during pregnancy and breast-feeding. There is not enough research on the use of supplements containing garlic during pregnancy and breast-feeding, so consult a licensed healthcare practitioner before use or avoid use. [98-122]
Major:
- Protease Inhibitors including HIV/AIDS Drugs
- Ritonavir
- Saquinavir
Moderate:
- Herbal Medicines Containing Forskoline (Plectranthus barbatus/Coleus forskolii)
- Drugs changed by Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in the liver
- Warfarin
- Anti-Coagulants
- Anti-Platelet Drugs
- Aspirin
- Chlorpropamide
- Docetaxel
- Fluindione
- Forskolin
- Indomethacin
- Low Molecular Weight Heparins
- Paracetamol
- Thrombolytic Agents
Potential:
- Chlorzoxazone
- Garlic may NOT interact with Alprazolam, Dextromethorphan, Midazolam
Garlic is not a "drug", so the best doses have not been thoroughly established. Make sure to follow the specific product instructions and take as directed on the label, or consult a licensed healthcare practitioner before use.
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Beneficial effects of aged garlic extract and coenzyme Q10 on vascular elasticity and endothelial function: the FAITH randomized clinical trial. Nutrition. 2013 Jan;29(1):71-5. 6. Sobenin IA, Pryanishnikov VV, Kunnova LM, Rabinovich YA, Martirosyan DM, Orekhov AN. The effects of time-released garlic powder tablets on multifunctional cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease. Lipids Health Dis. 2010 Oct 19;9:119. 7. Sumioka I, Hayama M, Shimokawa Y, Shiraishi S, Tokunaga A. Lipid-lowering effect of monascus garlic fermented extract (MGFE) in hyperlipidemic subjects. Hiroshima J Med Sci. 2006 Jun;55(2):59-64. 8. Verma SK, Rajeevan V, Jain P, Bordia A. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) oil on exercise tolerance in patients with coronary artery disease. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Jan;49(1):115-8. 9. Williams MJ, Sutherland WH, McCormick MP, Yeoman DJ, de Jong SA. Aged garlic extract improves endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease. 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Lipid-lowering effects of time-released garlic powder tablets in double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2008 Dec;15(6):334-8. 91. Steiner M, Khan AH, Holbert D, Lin RI. A double-blind crossover study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men that compared the effect of aged garlic extract and placebo administration on blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Dec;64(6):866-70. 92. Superko HR, Krauss RM. Garlic powder, effect on plasma lipids, postprandial lipemia, low-density lipoprotein particle size, high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution and lipoprotein(a). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Feb;35(2):321-6. 93. Turner B, Mølgaard C, Marckmann P. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) powder tablets on serum lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in normo-lipidaemic volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 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