Overview of Ginger
Scientific Name: Zingiber officinale
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
The rhizomes (modified stems) of ginger are widely used in herbal medicine. The rhizomes are also used to season foods and add flavor to beverages. See the nutritional value of ginger.
Strong:
insufficient informationGood:
- Osteoarthritis/Joint Pain, ginger may also be effective in combination with glucosamine sulfate / methylsulfonylmethane / white willow bark extract / Boswellia serrata extract / turmeric root extract / cayenne / hyaluronic acid; diclofenac; Zingiber cassumunar in a gel; and cinnamon / mastic / sesame oil in an ointment [1-13]
- An extract of ginger / Indian gooseberry / Tinospora cordifolia / Boswellia serrata was also as effective as glucosamine sulfate and celecoxib
- A massage with ginger and orange essential oil was effective in the elderly
- Nausea, ginger may be more effective than 8-MOP and vitamin B6 [14-33]
- Nausea in Pregnant Women, including ginger syrup
- Nausea in Chemotherapy Patients, including ginger with a high protein diet
Promising:
- Indigestion [34-41]
- Postoperative Nausea (PON), ginger with dexamethasone may also be effective [42-51]
- Painful Menstruation, ginger in one case may be as effective as mefenamic acid and ibuprofen [52-55]
Conflicting (Unclear):
- Anti-Platelet Aggregation in Cardiovascular Health, ginger with nifedipine may be more effective [56-61]
- Colorectal Cancer; interestingly, a light Thai massage with ginger oil was effective [62-65]
Limited Evidence:
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [66-67]
- Alcohol Hangover Symptoms, a combination of ginger / Citrus tangerine / brown sugar [68]
- Anesthesia Recovery in Children, lavender and ginger oil [69]
- Arthritis, ginger with Tinospora cordifolia [70-71]
- Atopic Dermatitis, fresh ginger with Astragalus root / licorice / jujube / ginseng / white Atractylodes rhizome / Chinese Angelica root [72-73]
- Constipation, complex tea mixture containing mainly senna leaf [74]
- Chronic Tonsillitis, ginger with gypsum / Bupleurum root / Pinellia tuber / Scutellaria root / Platycodon root / Jujube fruit / ginseng root / Glycyrrhiza root [75]
- Gingivitis, ginger with Acacia chundra / Adhatoda vasica / Mimusops elengi / Piper nigrum / Pongamia pinnata / Quercus infectoria / Syzygium aromaticum / Terminalia chebula [76]
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), ginger with Mentha longifolia / Cyperus rotundus [77]
- Lipid Lowering [78]
- Migraines, ginger with feverfew [79-80]
- Motion Sickness [81-85]
- Muscle Pain from Exercise [86-88]
- Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer Patients [89]
- Problem with Swallowing after Stroke, a spray with ginger / clematis root [90]
- Satiety [91]
- Septic Shock Patients, ginger with Glycyrrhiza uralensis / Aconitum carmichaelii [92]
- Stress, a complex mixture containing Pinelliae tuber [93]
- Type 2 Diabetes [94-95]
- Vertigo, a ginger moxibustion [96-97]
No Evidence:
- Asthma [98]
- Weight Loss, ginger / rhubarb / Astragalus / red sage / turmeric combined with gallic acid [99-100]
No Clinical Research:
All other conditions.- Allergic Reactions
- Bloating
- Drowsiness
- Gas
- Gastrointestinal Complaints
- Heartburn
- Sedation
- Avoid or contact a licensed healthcare practitioner, if you have and have had gallstones, and are at a risk for hemorrhage.
- Ginger and ginger spice can cause irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), especially in women.
- Zingerone, a compound present in ginger is a slight irritant.
- Avoid ginger at least 2 weeks before surgery.
- Ginger may increase the risk of bleeding.
Ginger appears to be safe for consumption in food amounts during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Minor side effects included allergic reactions, heartburn, and sedation. According to a large study in Europe, the use of ginger during pregnancy did NOT increase the risk of congenital malformations, stillbirth/perinatal death, preterm birth, low birth weight, or low Apgar score (a measure of the physical status of a newborn). Ginger is also widely used during pregnancy, but information about its use during breast-feeding is limited, so consult a licensed healthcare practitioner if you have any questions or concerns. In addition, the maximum doses during pregnancy have NOT been established. [101-111]
Ginger is not a "drug", the best doses have not been thoroughly established. Make sure to follow the specific product instructions and take as directed on the label, or consult a licensed healthcare practitioner before use. Overdose may cause cardiac arrhythmia and central nervous system (CNS) depression. On an empty stomach, 6 grams of ginger may lead to ulcer formation. [121]
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